The Electoral College System - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1295 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/06/14 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Electoral College Essay Did you like this example? Presidency can be defined as the position of being president, or the length of time during which someone is president (Cambridge Dictionary, 1). The president of the United States is someone who can be viewed as having significant power over the people and ultimately the country. Presidential candidates start campaigning for office as early as two years before election day. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Electoral College System" essay for you Create order This allows the American people to try and understand the views of said candidate. Comprehending the values of each candidate is important in the voting process. Society tends to vote for the candidate that they can relate to the most. However, when citizens vote for who they believe in and entrust their values in, the electoral college has the ability to elect the other presidential candidate for office. The popular vote can lean towards one candidate and the electoral college can elect the other into office. This system takes away societyrs individual liberty to elect the president they see fit. The electoral college should be abolished or reformed to a more effective and accommodating method. Founded in 1787 in the Constitutional Convention and ratified in 1804, the electoral college is a system put into place to elect the President and Vice President of the United States. During the Constitutional Convention, there were many methods proposed on how to elect Presidents. One of which was election by popular vote, and what we know today as the electoral college. Delegates feared that popular vote would make the office too powerful (Patterson, 354), by electing officials who were not deemed fit for office. Thus, they adopted the electoral college system. The first electoral vote system (Patterson, 354) consisted of electors picked by the states, with each state entitles to one elector for each member of Congress. However, after the 1828 election, Andrew Jackson set out to pass a constitutional amendment to abolish the electoral college. While he was unsuccessful, Jackson did manage to convince the states to correlate the electoral votes to that of the popular vote. Jacksonrs reform, which is still in effect today, allows the candidate who wins the state popular vote to receive the electoral votes. Today, most Americans are familiar with the basis of electing the next President; each state has an open election where thousands of citizens can cast their vote. Citizens then go to their designated voting poll and cast their vote for the next President and Vice president of the United States. The electoral college consists of 538 electors that all meet up in a designated location to cast the official votes for the next President and Vice President. Each state has a different amount of electoral votes these votes are based off of Senators, House of Representatives, and population. Each state is given a minimum of two votes from Senate and at least one from the House of Representatives (which ranges from 1-52 members). The electors have pledged their vote to the party that nominated them. They are morally expected to vote for the party that nominated them, however, it is not required. In unusual circumstances there have been times when electors go against their pledge and vote for the opposite party candidate. This rarely occurs as most electors stay true to their state and vote the way they pledged to. While it is uncommon for electors to change votes, it is not uncommon that the majority of uneducated voters have no idea that is what they are voting for. What a lot of (young) voters do not realize is that they are not actually voting for President, but are instead voting for specific electors to vote on their behalf. As more and more people start to realize what exactly the Electoral College does, they are also starting to realize it is not a system they want in their country. The Electoral College system served its purpose back in the 19th century, but as America revolutionizes so should our gover nment. When deciding between reforming the Electoral College or abolishing it altogether, it did not take me long when I looked at the reformation acts that have been proposed. The abolishment of the Electoral College seemed socially more effective. Originally, the Electoral College system was put into place when only white, male landowners could vote. These men wanted full control over who was elected into office. Abolishing the Electoral College is the most effective plan for our society in our day and age. The main fundamental concern with the Electoral College is the fear the electoral vote with contradict that of the popular vote. The most recent example of this is the 2016 election. Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton were the two candidates from both the Republican and Democratic parties. While Clinton won the popular vote, Trump won presidency solely because of the Electoral College. This is when the debate over the electoral college resurfaced once again. Society loses all sense of individuality when the Electoral College is involved. When the Electoral College is involved individual voters do not have an equal voice in designating the person who shall occupy the highest office within the power of the people. (Kallenbach, 1). People feel they do not have any say in Presidential elections when electors vote for them instead. America was founded to be the land of the free, so why are we not letting the citizens of the United States be free and choose the President they want? It all comes down to power and tradition. Since the Electoral College has been in place since 1804, there is not a lot of enforcement to change it in anyway. However, what the government does not take into account is how rapidly the world is changing around us, and this system is no exception. By eliminating the Electoral College, there will be more of a voter participation because then every vote matters equally. Swing states also have an unequal amount of power in elections. Most candidates when they campaign only focus on major swing states like Ohio, Florida, and Michigan. That is because these states have a medium amount of electoral votes and are generally an even red and blue state. There is an excessive amount of pressure on these swing states for the whole election. Candidates rely on these states to win the overall election. This is unfair and shows unequal opportunity for each state. With elections solely based on the popular vote there will be equal opportunity for each state and individual. One argument to refor ming the Electoral College would be to reform it using the District Plan. This plan, which is already used in Nebraska and Maine, breaks electoral votes up by district instead of statewide. While this gives out more votes and can allow candidates to earn larger amounts of electoral votes; it is essentially the same aspect as the Electoral College. When you break it down even if you win one district out of three and you get that vote, but the other party gets two votes and then another two votes from the statewide vote. In the end, it does not matter whether because it is the same concept as the Electoral College just with a larger amount of votes. In my opinion, all the ideas of reforming the Electoral College are not right for our country. Society is always evolving for the better and sometimes it is hard to change old ways. The Electoral College is a system founded by the Founding Fathers of the United States. It is a difficult system to try and reform let alone abolish. Though, with the continuous changes in society it is inevitable that there will not be any changes in our constitutional platform. With the abolishment of the Electoral College system, it will be the first major step to uniformed equality and advancement in the United States of America.

Analysis of the Movie Soundtrack Eternal Sunshine of the...

Sound Choosing the soundtrack for a movie is another difficult task that a director has to do because they have to find a perfect song or an instrumental track that will fit or compliment the scene that they are editing. The soundtrack of a movie is also a guaranteed way of effecting the emotions of the audience members. As a result, directors spend a great deal of time in choosing the right soundtrack for the movie. They want to make sure that they target the correct emotions for each scene. The sequence of â€Å"Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind† featured many different sounds; such as, speech, music and sound effects. The scene begins with Joel and Clementine laying underneath a blanket. Clementine is telling Joel a story from her childhood, and as she tells the story, we can hear music in the background, which is considered non-diegetic sound because the audience can hear it but not the characters in the movie. The music we hear, as audience members, is very calming and smooth and continues to play as Clementine tells her story. We then see Joel crawling between blankets because he is trying to catch up with a memory that is currently being erased. As he moves to another memory, we can hear another type of non-diegetic sound; however, this time it is harsh and fast, which indicates that he is moving fast because he does not want the memory to be erased. We continue hearing this harsh sound as he remembers the beginning of the memory of him and ClementineShow MoreRelatedEternal Sunshine Of The Spotless Mind2281 Words   |  10 Pagesscene could be†. - Michel Gondry As this quote from French film director Michel Gondry suggests, the ability of a director to create a film that hides the camera and the construction of a film remains difficult. In his 2004 film, Eternal Sunshine of The Spotless Mind, Gondry utilizes the full potential of the film medium, to express his own unique visual style. He has a number of films that he has directed such as Human Nature, which was also written by scriptwriter Charlie Kaufman. Both GondryRead MoreAn Individual Detailed Analysis on the Style, Editing Techniques Mise-En-Scene and Cinematography in the Film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind.2581 Words   |  11 PagesAn individual detailed analysis on the style, editing techniques Mise-en-scene and cinematography in the film Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind. Michael Gondry’s Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind (2004) is not your typical Hollywood rom-com. Its cinematic style is very original and by far out of the ordinary for its genre. The use of techniques and the way the film is produced is the reason why it is so memorable. The non-linear narrative is based around a middle-aged guy who falls in

Studies on Employee Satisfaction Free Essays

With the increased competition, fast-paced environment and globalization efforts, companies are finding that they need the support of their employees more than ever. However, the new breed of personnel wants more than pay as a benefit. They are increasingly being motivated by other factors such as greater involvement with business decisions. We will write a custom essay sample on Studies on Employee Satisfaction or any similar topic only for you Order Now Recent studies are researching ways that successful organizations are encouraging positive employee morale despite ongoing business changes. Full employee participation is required for any organizational change to succeed. Joint development of programs gives people ownership and the motivation to ensure the support of the change process. At SmithKline Beecham and Levi Strauss, for example, the strategy is view employees as business partners (Reid, 2004, p. 40). Some of the ways that Beecham and Strauss are instituting change include: 1) An emphasis on values as well as goals, since employees want to know how the organization expects to meet the desired results; 2) Along with #1, encourage joint goal setting that leads to greater involvement and dialogue. Joint goal setting can be a powerful motivator (Reid, 2004, p. 40). 3) Support anonymous real-time feedback through the Internet or the traditional suggestion boxes. 4) In tandem with #3, respond to feedback to let employees know their ideas have been heard. 5) Test and reward new ideas and response to challenges; 6) See employee involvement as an ongoing process that builds over time, rather than a one-shot deal; and 7) Continually review the goals established to see what headway is being made and changes needed. Survey employees regularly to measure whether needs are being met and the degree of interest in the company’s success. Employee specialist Joel Schettler also notes the importance of updating training that in many cases still treats personnel as â€Å"grist for the mill† (2003, p. 56). Training programs should be cast as enhancing a right rather than negating a wrong. Employee motivation and incentives and training programs must go hand-in-hand to become an effective tool in today’s environment. Training should also develop teamwork and foster pride in one’s work. Pay-for-performance approaches bring only short-term, skin-deep results. When an employees’ emotional involved, unexpected positive results occur. Arnett (2002, p. 87) stresses that companies are always putting an emphasis on external marketing programs when they should be marketing their internal customers, â€Å"the employees,† as well. He argues that a successful internal-marketing strategy can enhance both job satisfaction, organizational pride and positive employee behavior that is characterized by a commitment to customer service, cooperation with other employees, and to the company. Looking at the research that has thus far been conducted on employee motivation, Arnett (2002, p. 88) says that the effects of employee satisfaction have been researched extensively, but not the effect of pride. In a study, he hypothesized that both job satisfaction and pride are important variables that managers can use to encourage employees to engage in desired behavior. Further, developing a good relationship with employees is a precursor to building a good relationship with customers. Specifically, the study looked at job satisfaction, or an employee’s general affective evaluation of his or her job; pride, an emotion that is crucial to understanding human behavior that is derived from both self-appraisals and others’ opinions and represents a belief that one is competent and viewed positively by others; role clarity, where employees are clear about the scope and responsibilities of their job; a reward system where employees know they will be measure on how well they perform their duties and that positive performance brings rewards; work environment that is pleasing and offers rewarding experiences; managers that provide the proper training, listen to employees and are fair; an organization that promotes its performance to employees so they know they are a part of that performance; and activities that foster positive employee behavior and the well-being of the organization. Arnett (2004) developed a questionnaire that was responded to by 860. The majority of the respondents had been with the organization for between 1 and 5 years, 26 percent had been with the corporation less than one year, and the remaining 3 percent had been with the company for over five years. Most respondents were hourly employees, 9 percent were supervisors, 4 percent were salaried non-management employees, and 4 percent were managers. The results showed that job satisfaction and pride have the desired goal of promoting positive employee behavior. Three factors seem especially critical to building job satisfaction among employees–role clarity, the work environment, and employees’ evaluations of managers’ performance. Employees who believed they had a clear understanding of what it took to do their job were more likely to be satisfied. Therefore, employers should try to ensure that employees have a clear understanding of their responsibilities and expectations. Interestingly, the employees’ evaluation of the reward system did not influence their job satisfaction. However, the researchers feel this is not an indication that employees do not care about the reward systems in their organizations. Instead, it may be an indication that other factors are more important for changing employee behavior. The results do support the proposition that the work environment affects job satisfaction. Therefore, organizations should not focus solely on the guests’ environment, but should also examine that used by their employees as well. Employee evaluations of managers is related positively to job satisfaction, so managers should monitor the perceptions that employees have of the management team and make changes as necessary. In fact, the workers’ evaluation of managers is most important to job satisfaction; role clarity is the next most important, followed by work environment. The study also showed that job satisfaction effected pride positively. Employees who were the most satisfied with their jobs exhibited the most pride in their organizations. Therefore, we suggest that job satisfaction influences employee behavior. Second, it affects positive employee behavior indirectly by encouraging, pride in the organization, which then leads to positive employee behavior. The results support the fact that employees’ evaluation of managers has a positive effect on pride in the organization, as well. The Arnett research concluded that both job satisfaction and pride in the organization are important factors that influence employee behavior. Therefore, organizations that wish to promote positive behavior in their employees should focus on both of these factors. Although many organizations have specific programs and procedures designed to improve employee satisfaction, fewer organizations make a concerted effort to increase employee pride. Our results suggest that more organizations should focus on improving employee pride. What these above studies demonstrate is that if a company wants to encourage positive change and employee behavior, they need to look at other factors than pay and other material incentives. Although these will always continue to part of an employee incentive package, it is also necessary to reward personnel with the knowledge that their feedback and involvement are important to the company’s success. How to cite Studies on Employee Satisfaction, Essay examples

Consumer Expenditure and Equi-Marginal Utility Essay Sample free essay sample

Consumer behavior theory attempts to explicate the relationship between monetary value alterations and consumer demand. Utility is a construct used to denote the subjective satisfaction or usefulness attained from devouring goods and services. This construct helps to explicate how consumers divide their limited income / resources among different picks of goods and services that help achieve them satisfaction ( public-service corporation ) The issue nevertheless is how we are supposed to mensurate public-service corporation and how the value of public-service corporation derived from assorted picks can be quantified. Because of these issues. the consumer behavior theory has been reformulated and public-service corporation is viewed as a manner to depict penchants. It was recognised that all that mattered about public-service corporation is whether one combination of pick had a higher public-service corporation than another ; by how much higher or lower didn’t truly matter Prefe rences of consumers is the cardinal description of import for analysing pick while public-service corporation is merely a simple manner of depicting penchants Entire public-service corporation The entire satisfaction or fulfillment received by a consumer through the ingestion of a goods or services or a combination of both is defined as Entire public-service corporation. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Expenditure and Equi-Marginal Utility Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For case if a individual consumes five units of a trade good and derives U1. U2. U3. U4. U5 public-service corporation from the consecutive units of a good. his entire public-service corporation will be. TU = U1+ U2 +U3+ U4+ U5| Entire public-service corporation additions with an addition in ingestion. but as ingestion rises. entire public-service corporation grows at a decreasing rate. Every unit of a good or service has a fringy public-service corporation and the entire public-service corporation is a simple add-on of all the fringy public-service corporations of the units of goods or services All consumers want to accomplish the maximal possible entire public-service corporation for their disbursement and therefore they look to unite different packages of goods and services. With their limited resources. consumers make assorted picks in order to increase their entire public-service corporation with each extra unit of ingestion. Fringy public-service corporationAs discussed above all consumers attempt to maximise their entire public-service corporation from the goods and services they consume. This procedure of optimization leads the consumers to see the fringy public-service corporation of geting extra units of the merchandise or service and of geting one merchandise or service as opposed to another. Merchandise features and single gustatory sensations and penchants apart from available resources ( money ) determine direct demand. Utility is maximised when merchandises are bought at degrees such that comparative monetary values equal the comparative fringy public-service corporation derived from ingestion. The fringy public-service corporation of a good is the addition in entire public-service corporation gained by devouring one extra unit of that good. for a given degree of ingestion of other goods| Law of decreasing fringy public-service corporation We have discussed earlier that with an addition in ingestion entire public-service corporation additions but at a slower and slower rate. Law of decreasing fringy public-service corporation explains this construct. The jurisprudence of decreasing fringy public-service corporation says that as ingestion rises the fringy public-service corporation of devouring the following unit is less than the old 1. Consequently the fringy public-service corporation of good lessenings as more and more units of that good are consumed as shown in the tabular array and figure below: Measure of Good| Total Utility ( TU ) | Fringy Utility ( MU ) | 1| 10| 10| 2| 19| 9|3| 27| 8|4| 34| 7|5| 40| 6| Equimarginal UtilityThe dollar value of a consumer’s fringy public-service corporation from devouring extra unit of a merchandise is called the fringy benefit. It is the maximal monetary value that a consumer will pay for an extra unit and will fall as ingestion additions. When different merchandises are available a consumer will guarantee that the last dollar spent on each merchandise gives an equal fringy public-service corporation ( MU ) per dollar spent. For two merchandises A and B this can be expressed as: MUA = fringy public-service corporation of merchandise A ;MUB = fringy public-service corporation of merchandise BPA = monetary value of merchandise A ;PB = monetary value of merchandise B To exemplify. allow us take a instance of a male child who wants to purchase fruits and has $ 6 to pass. He finds that apples and oranges are available. While apples cost $ 2 per kg. oranges are available for $ 1 per kg. The fringy public-service corporations of the first three kgs of apples are $ 3. $ 2. 50 and $ 2 severally and the fringy public-service corporations of the first 3 kgs of oranges are $ 2. 00. $ 1. 25 and $ 1 severally. The male child would accomplish maximal public-service corporation by purchasing 2 kgs of apples and 2 kgs of oranges as the fringy public-service corporation of the last kg of each per dollar monetary value is 1. 25. In simpler words. if Apples cost costs twice every bit much as Oranges. so purchase Apples merely when the fringy public-service corporation derived from it is at least twice every bit great as Oranges’ fringy public-service corporation. Indifference Curve Analysis As we know that the consumer is able to rank packages of goods and services based on the public-service corporation he derives from them. This makes possible fall ining together of all these packages that give the consumer equal public-service corporation / satisfaction. The curve drawn on these packages or combinations of goods and services is known as indifference curve. At all points across the indifference curve the consumer derives same degree of public-service corporation. And therefore the consumers are apathetic because they do non care which of the packages on the indifference curve they have. Compare the ingestion bundles shown on the figure above. The indifference curve I1 tells us that Bundles A. B and C give the consumer equal satisfaction. Bundle E contains fewer bananas and fewer apples than Bundle B. and hence Bundle B ( and A and C ) must be preferred to Bundle E. Similarly Bundle D contains more bananas and more apples than Bundle B. and hence Bundle D must be preferred to Bundle B ( and A and C ) . While bundle D should be on a higher indifference curves as it gives more public-service corporation to the consumer. Tocopherol should be on a lower curves as it gives lesser public-service corporation. The indifference curves are convex to the beginning as because to maintain the consumers’ public-service corporation invariable he must be compensated with progressively larger sums of good Ten for each extra unit of good Yttrium he is giving up. This construct stems from the fact of decreasing fringy public-service corporation and is explained below in Marginal rate of permutation Slope of an Indifference curve is given by: Fringy Rate of Substitution = | where MUA and MUB are fringy public-service corporation derived from the last unit consumed of good A and B severallyAll of the points along an indifference curve represent combinations of goods / services that are every bit fulfilling to the consumer | Fringy Rate of SubstitutionThe sum of one unit of good that a consumer is prepared to predate for one excess unit of another good is known as the fringy rate of permutation. The fringy rate of permutation of good A for good B is the figure of good A the consumer is willing to give up to derive another unit of good B without impacting entire satisfaction. A diminishing fringy rate of permutation of good B for good A implies that the consumer is willing to give up decreasing measures of good A to derive each extra good B. This means that if it takes. state. n excess units of good A to convert a consumer to give up one unit of good B. it will take more than another n excess good A to carry her to give up yet another unit of good B. Suppose the undermentioned combinations of fruits give the consumer equal satisfaction: Apples | Oranges | 20| 1|15| 2|11| 3|8| 4|The fringy rate of permutation of oranges for apples falls from 5 to 4 to 3. screening that the consumer is more willing to give up apples for an extra orange when the consumer has a batch of them. Budget Constraint The package of goods and services that the consumer can afford depends on two factors viz. ; * Price of the goods ; and* Income of the consumerFurther to determine the packages low-cost by the consumer we assume that both the above factors are fixed which implies that the two factors are independent of the pick of ingestion bundle The budget line therefore is a line drawn on all points that is low-cost to the consumer. presuming that all income is spend As shown in figure above. with a given income and monetary values of goods. if a consumer spends all his income on apples. he or she can afford to purchase A apples. Alternatively. the consumer could purchase B bananas. or an intermediate package such as E. Consumer Equilibrium Persons ( consumers in this instance ) make their picks about the measure of goods and services to be consumed with the aim to maximise their entire public-service corporation. But in maximising entire public-service corporation they face several restraints. the foremost being the individual’s income degree and the monetary values of the goods and services that he desires to devour. These restraints as discussed above signifiers the budget line of the consumer. The consumer’s attempt to maximise entire public-service corporation. topic to the budget line. includes determinations about how much he would devour of the goods and services and the combination of goods and services at which the consumer maximises its entire public-service corporation is called consumer equilibrium. A consumer confronting the budget line ( fixed income and given market monetary values of goods ) can come to a point ( or equilibrium ) of maximal satisfaction or public-service corporation merely by moving in the undermentioned mode. Each merchandise is demanded up to the point where the fringy public-service corporation for every unit of money spent on it is precisely the same as the fringy public-service corporation of the spent on any other good. This cardinal status of consumer equilibrium can be written in footings of Marginal Utilities ( MU ) and Prices ( P ) of the different goods in the undermentioned compact manner. = = = Common MU per unit of income. To maximize public-service corporation the consumers spread out their outgos in such a manner that the fringy rate of permutation is equal to the comparative monetary value of the good Ten as in the figure above. To stand for it numerically: = Therefore uniting the budget line with indifference curves. we can determine the ingestion package which a consumer will take.

Stapler free essay sample

Design efficiency = (number of functional component / total ) x 100 Major component: superstructure x2, loading component, pin holder, flexor, spring, pin No. functional component = 6 Total no. component = 9 Design effictencr (6/9)x100 = 66. 67% i) Suitability A breakdown of how the unit is currently manufactured and associated costs a) Sequence of assembly: 1 . Flexor + top superstructure + PVC holder 2. Bottom superstructure + PVC holder 3. Loading compartment + Pin holder + Spring 4. step 1 + step 2+ step 3+ Pin b) Assembly process 1 . The assembly process for the bottom and top superstructure is almost similar which they used hot stamping machine to assemble the PVC holder to the superstructure. The hot stamping machine use pressure and heat to imprint the PVC holder to fit on the superstructure. 2. To assemble the loading compartment, pin holder and spring, manpower is used. 3. After the above is done, the stapler is to be assembled to be one which c) Labour cost a pin is tlxed Example: production: 1 million unit of stapler per month 3 shift time taken to assembly 1 unit 0 2 minutes RM1500 per month per worker 26 working days 3 shift (20 hours) 1 person per shift = 6. We will write a custom essay sample on Stapler or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 67 hours = 400. 2 minutes 2 minutes per unit, 1 shift = 200 units 3 shift 0 600 units/day 26 days 0 15600 unit/worker 1 million units = (1 workers Labour cost = (64 X RM1500)/ 1 million = RMO. 096/unit = RMO. 0/unit To reduce the labour cost, the assembly time per unit needs to be reduced. The assembly time per unit can be reduced to 1. 5 minute. To reduce the time, one of the sequences of the assembly process need to be reduced and hence the number of parts of the stapler need to be reduced. Therefore, with the time reduce to 1. 5 minute, the labour cost per unit is reduced to RMO. 75. d) Identify human error For the hot stamping machine, the time set by human might not be accurate which the time taken to applied on the product might be too fast. If the time is too long it might melt the product For the assembly part where human effort is needed, which is the assembly of the spring, the direction of hook might be opposite or the spring is not placed properly that the spring will be easily off. e) For the stamping process, there is stamping machine with combination process. While to hook the spring to the load compartment, human is needed. Finally the last process which is to gather the parts to one, human will put in a pin into the parts. ) Conclusion The assembly process of the design can still be simplified. Some process can be improved by using machine. The parts of the stapler can be simplified. (iii) Manutacturing process a) Parts of stapler: Top superstructure, bottom superstructure, spring, flexor, PVC holder, loading compartment, pin holder, pin b) Superstructure: This part is manufactured using stamping machine. Flat sheet metal material are laced between punch and die. When the punch pushes the material, the shape o f the punch will shear from the sheet. This process is a very cost-efficient way of mass production stampings because it does not require manpower to hold the material. Spring formation: Coil springs are wound around rods and heat-treated, to be pulled apart and pressed together, and still return to its original wound up condition. Flexor: A thin piece of steel is cut into the shape wanted is rolled or bent to its proper shape. To produce changes in the metals characteristics which gives the flexor more lasticity, the flexor is heated to a temperature which will cause internal stresses. PVC Holder: The pvc holders are made by injecting liquified plastic into a die, which is injection molding. The liquid flows into the open void and is then cooled, the shape of PVC holder is formed. Loading compartment pin holder: These parts are manufactured by stamping and brake forming which the desired shape is punch out and the bending part is bent simultaneously. The pin is made through forging process. As the pin is used as a hinge point for top and bottom half of the stapler, it is made from a strong, heat-treatable metal. Percentage of net shape manufacturing d) Finishing process Painting: As required to prevent rust or for cosmetic reasons, some components are painted. Some automatic painting operations employ electrostatic spraying, where the parts and paint are electrically charged. This method eliminates wasted paint. e) Cost of each manufacturing process Labour cost Material cost Go where find? f- Conclusion 2. List out DFM Rules ( one by one ) a) Reduce the total nu mber of parts. The reduction of the number of parts in a product is probably the best opportunity for reducing manufacturing costs. Less parts implies less purchases, inventory, handling, processing time, development time, equipment, engineering time, assembly difficulty, service inspection, testing, etc. b) Develop a modular design. The use of modules in product design simplifies manufacturing activities such as inspection, testing, assembly. These modules add versatility to product update in the redesign process, help run tests before the final assembly is put together, and allow the use of standard components to minimize product variations. c) Use of standard components. Standard components are less xpensive than custom-made items. d) Design parts to be multi-functional. Multi- functional parts reduce the total number of parts in a design, thus, obtaining the benefits given in rule 1 . e) Design parts for multi-use. In a manufacturing firm, different products can share parts that have been designed for multi-use. These parts can have the same or different functions when used in different products. f) Design for ease of fabrication. Select the optimum combination between the material and fabrication process to minimize the overall manufacturing cost. Final operations uch as painting, polishing, should be avoided. g) Avoid separate fasteners. The use of fasteners increases the cost of manufacturing a part due to the handling and feeding operations that have to be performed. Minimize the number, size, and variation used; also, utilize standard components whenever possible. h) Minimize assembly directions. All parts should be assembled from one direction. If possible, the best way to add parts is from above, in a vertical direction, parallel to the gravitational direction (downward). In this way, the effects of gravity help the ssembly process, contrary to having to compensate for its effect when other directions are chosen. i) Maximize compliance. Errors can occur during insertion operations due to variations in part dimensions or on the accuracy of the positioning device used. This faulty behavior can cause damage to the part or to the equipment. j) Minimize handling. Handling consists of positioning, orienting, and fixing a part or component. To facilitate orientation, symmetrical parts should be used whenever possible. b- Compare with existing design (see match with DFM rules or not)

Free Essays on Socrates, Plato, And Aristotle

Three Great Philosophers What makes a civilization great? It depends on the tools, the laws, class structures, religions, and government. However, it also depends on the way an individual thinks and how their way of thinking could contribute to improving society. In ancient Greece, there lived three great men named Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. These men were the first and still the greatest philosophers of all time. They questioned people's way of life and even the meaning of life itself. The teaching of philosophy would help shape Western civilization into the greatness that it would become. Three men, three different ways of thinking, but they all shared one common thing: their love for philosophy. These three intellectuals had very different lives, yet eventually, their paths would cross. Socrates was born poor to the city of Athens, Greece. He worked as a stone carver and married at age 13. Socrates believed in living for the present not living for the future. He believed in the superiority of argument over writing, therefore he never wrote anything down. Socrates spent most of his time socializing in argument and dialogue in marketplaces and public areas. There in the Agora, he would meet Plato and enlighten him. Plato had a similar curious nature, but a different background. He was born, also in Athens, into wealth for his father was a politician. Plato aspired to become an Olympic wrestler as a youth because of his astounding strength, but that ended when he received a serious injury. Sometime after, he met Socrates and became open-minded to his opinions. Plato would spend hours taking notes on Socrates' deepest thoughts. But Socrates was soon charged with blasphemy, the act of not expressing reverence for God. He was forced to drink hemlock and died. "It is better to die on my feet than to live on my knees," he stated proudly. Plato became disillusioned with Athens after Socrates died. Later, he started his own universit... Free Essays on Socrates, Plato, And Aristotle Free Essays on Socrates, Plato, And Aristotle Three Great Philosophers What makes a civilization great? It depends on the tools, the laws, class structures, religions, and government. However, it also depends on the way an individual thinks and how their way of thinking could contribute to improving society. In ancient Greece, there lived three great men named Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. These men were the first and still the greatest philosophers of all time. They questioned people's way of life and even the meaning of life itself. The teaching of philosophy would help shape Western civilization into the greatness that it would become. Three men, three different ways of thinking, but they all shared one common thing: their love for philosophy. These three intellectuals had very different lives, yet eventually, their paths would cross. Socrates was born poor to the city of Athens, Greece. He worked as a stone carver and married at age 13. Socrates believed in living for the present not living for the future. He believed in the superiority of argument over writing, therefore he never wrote anything down. Socrates spent most of his time socializing in argument and dialogue in marketplaces and public areas. There in the Agora, he would meet Plato and enlighten him. Plato had a similar curious nature, but a different background. He was born, also in Athens, into wealth for his father was a politician. Plato aspired to become an Olympic wrestler as a youth because of his astounding strength, but that ended when he received a serious injury. Sometime after, he met Socrates and became open-minded to his opinions. Plato would spend hours taking notes on Socrates' deepest thoughts. But Socrates was soon charged with blasphemy, the act of not expressing reverence for God. He was forced to drink hemlock and died. "It is better to die on my feet than to live on my knees," he stated proudly. Plato became disillusioned with Athens after Socrates died. Later, he started his own universit...

Death of a Salesman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Death of a Salesman - Essay Example Even from a cursory reading of the play, it is obvious that there is a battle going on inside Willy that deals with reality and fiction and even though Willy pretends to believe in the fiction it is reality which wins at the end. The play can be studied as a search for happiness which Willy is unable to find simply because his focus on making friends and his false belief in himself has led him to be a failure in life. The son, who Willy thinks will follow his footsteps, ends up taking his own path since his lack of faith in him is evident from the events of the play. In his mind, Willy believes himself to be successful and extremely popular as a salesman who has friends across the region and is well respected by others. This would have been true had he been a good performer in business and had made the money which would have given him the success he needed to be happy. In reality, he was nothing more than an average performer and had no more than one or two friends. He expected hundreds of people to be present at his funeral but a grad total of five showed up in a reality (Wikipedia, 2006). Of course, the death of a salesman or even a successful salesman is hardly expected to get news coverage even in this day and age. However, as we have seen on television, the media does cover the funerals of the rich and famous with thousands in attendance (Ross, 2007). Clearly, his imagined supremacy put him at a disadvantage since he was not really supreme in the real world. Willy failed at the American dream not because the dream is flawed, but because Willy could not work hard enough to get to the get rich part of the equation. As opposed to those people who do find happiness by working hard, getting rich and making a life for themselves, Willy lived a life of lies. He believed that his friend Charley and his son would not be successful since they did not have a ‘preset’ personality

Shareholding versus Stakeholding Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Shareholding versus Stakeholding - Assignment Example After suitable measures to overcome the conflict have been taken, the business climate of the enterprise will be readily acceptable by the public investing in the shares of the company. This may indirectly raise the prices of the shares, leading to the generating of profit of the shareholders. Another reason for the rise of the difference between the stakeholders and the shareholders is the lack of protection rendered to the third party. Thus it is very important for the managers to pay heed to the rising differences between the stakeholders and shareholders of the company. But the main issue that the company faces is whether to use single value objective function or balanced scorecard (Siems, 2007, p.180). The challenges faced by managers to be ‘socially responsible’ In the process of being socially responsible, managers face a few challenges, for example the process of value seeking rather than value maximizing. Therefore, through the achievement of the value seeking f unction, the confusion that leads to maximizing the value is difficult to overcome, as the way the world is structured is quite complicated. Under no situation can the maximization of the value of the managers be guaranteed, but the assurance can be given that the movement of the managers is in the right direction. The absence of the negative externalities in the input factor market does not lead to the rise in the opportunity cost of the firm. If the firm is still earning the social cost of the company, this may result in the dilemma caused to the managers during the performance of the social responsibilities. Self-serving manager exploiting social responsibility for his/her personal gain Sometimes the managers of the companies with a purpose of performing the social responsibilities tend to serve their personal gains. The reason behind this is the use of the stakeholder’s theory, through which the personal short run-interests of the shareholders are accomplished. Since a be tter criterion cannot be provided, the proper evaluation of the managers is not possible. Thus, by the application of the shareholders theory, the managers pursue their own interest at the expense of the firm’s financial claimants and the society at large. The directors and the managers use the resources of the firm for their own needs, such as art, medical research, etc. without being held liable for the expenditures caused to the company. As with the practice of the stakeholder theory the internal control system of the company is being hampered, hence arguments are being placed for the government intervention – anti-takeover provisions, for example – in these areas (Letza S., et al., 2004, p.247). Budgeting and strategic management accounting tools as an encouragement for shareholder or stakeholder centric focus Such accounting tools as budgeting and the strategic management, Balanced Scorecard, and the others had been a helpful encouragement in the focusing o n the shareholders and the stakeholders of the concerned country. These tools help decide to what standard the company should stick to avoid neglecting the interests of both the shareholders and the stakeholders of the company. With tools like budgeting and strat

The Speeches of Richmond and Richard in Shakespeare's Richard III Essay

The Speeches of Richmond and Richard in Shakespeare's Richard III - Essay Example In Act III, Richard has the two princes imprisoned in the Tower of London. He also gets rid of all the people who might stand between him and the throne and spreads the rumor that Edward's marriage to Elizabeth was invalid and hence the children illegitimate and did not have right to the throne. In Act IV, Richard is finally crowned the King of England. However, he still fells insecure that the princes may one day stake their claim at the throne and so has them killed. The last and the final Act, shows the preparations for the Battle, the actual battle and Richard's death in a bloody duel with Richmond. Richmond does not enter the play until the final Act, but as the one who finally defeats Richard his character is shown to be virtuous in contrast to the evil Richard. The contrast between Richard and Richmond's characters is best brought out in the speeches that the two give to their respective armies just before the start of the Battle. The Act V, Scene III shows the preparations ma de by the two warring sides on the night before and early morning of the battle. Scene III is one of the longest scenes of the play and culminates with the two commanders addressing their troops. The two speeches bring out the basic characteristics of Richard and Richmond. ... Also, by promising that he would martyr himself if the need arises, he showed that he was a leader of men. Richard, on the other hand, tells the soldiers that their adversaries were not worthy people and were just "scum of Bretons, and base lackey peasants" and were led by a "paltry fellow", "a milk-sop". His speech does not say anything that would lift his soldiers' spirits or fill them with enthusiasm to defeat the enemy. If anything, the speech made it look like that defeating the invaders should be a child's play. The ineffectiveness of the speech and his words raise questions regarding Richard's leadership abilities. Richard was fighting the battle to protect his kingdom and his right to the throne. As such he should have been much more motivated to win the battle and prove to everyone that he truly deserved to be the king. Unfortunately, he did not take Richmond's threat seriously. Richard had ascended the throne with relative ease by either convincing people to side with him o r killing those who opposed him. He thought of himself as an intelligent and charismatic person who could get anything that he wanted. Until the battle of the Bosworth Field, he had never really been challenged because he had taken care to kill all those who could challenge him. As a result, his speech reflected his arrogance. Unlike Richmond, Richard's speech did not promise to lead his troops from the front or to die for the cause if need be. Instead, he arrogantly told his troops to "whip these stragglers o'er the seas again" because the invaders were not worthy enough to "enjoy our lands". He did not appeal to his soldiers to protect the honor of the land from foreigners,

Key Personality Attributes Of An Entrepreneur Business Essay

Key Personality Attributes Of An Entrepreneur Business Essay According to Carland et al. (1984:356), an entrepreneur is defined as an individual that establishes and manages a business for the principal purpose of profit and growth. Characterisation of the entrepreneur is by innovative behaviour and strategic management practices will be used in the business (Carland et al., 1984:356). Entrepreneurs have several personal characteristics that enhance their ability and enable them to be successful in whatever venture they decide to focus on. In this essay, entrepreneurship theory such as Mclelland, internal locus of control and Schumpeter will be used to form an analytical framework in order to critically analyse and evaluate the key personality attributes that prompted Victoria Tomlinsons entrepreneurial pursuits. Analytical framework: DREAM WILL TO ESTABLISH A PRIVATE KINGDOM INTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL NON-CONFORMIST NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT PERSONALITY ATTRIBUTES = ENTREPRENEUR The analytical framework above reveals the personality attributes that make an individual become an entrepreneur and the attributes are illustrated from conception to the end process. It is made up of a combination of entrepreneurial theories that allude to the psychological traits of an individual. A variety of entrepreneurial theories will be used to explain the framework. Conception of the personality attribute of an entrepreneur is the will to establish a kingdom, followed by the need for achievement, then internal locus of control closely followed by non-conformist and finally the culmination of all the personality attributes lead to an entrepreneur. According to Goss (2005), Joseph Schumpeter suggested that one of the psychological traits of an entrepreneur is the will to establish a private kingdom. This is not only a personality attribute but it is a form of entrepreneurial motivation that can be found in entrepreneurs and individuals who might become entrepreneurs. In the framework above, it is highlighted as the first stage of one of many personality traits attributed to entrepreneurs. Goss (2005) argued that Schumpeters entrepreneurial motivation with regards to the will to establish a private kingdom is focused on an individual gaining and losing social status i.e. the motive is one gains power which protects one from the feelings of shame. Goss (2005) views Schumpeters three entrepreneurial motives from a sociological prism and not a psychological one. After much examination of Schumpeters writings, Goss (2005) arrived at the conclusion that social interaction and emotions are key variables in entrepreneurial actions. Also, Barnes (2000) views the motives from a sociological prism and argues otherwise that the drive to establish a private kingdom is based on an individuals independent ability to pursue a course of action. What remains to be seen is if this course of action is related to entrepreneurial actions. Need for Achievement was identified by David Mclelland (Kalantaridis, 2011). According to McClelland (1990), entrepreneurs have a high need for achievement and this was confirmed by Hansemark (1998) who carried out a research and found high levels of need for achievement in entrepreneurs. Hansemark (1998) argued that the need for achievement for an entrepreneur is based on an achievement motive to perform better than their previous performance or a need to be better than other that were before them. This motive can be learnt and it can be seen as an expectation. McClelland revealed one of the characteristics common in achievement motivated people are the desire for job relevant feedback i.e. how well one is doing? This is exhibited in Victoria who as the boss of her firm encouraged feedback from her employees on her performance in order to improve the person and set her sights on high but obtainable goals and vice versa for her employees. Rotter came up with Internal Locus of Control whereby individuals believe whatever happens to them is dependent on their actions (Kalantaridis, 2011). A high internal locus of control is found in entrepreneurs. This is a social learning theory of personality. Hanesmark (1998) suggests that locus of control is focused on the expectation of either success or failure in a judgement task. Hanesmark (1998) identified several authors that have found new entrepreneurs and existing entrepreneurs to have a high locus of control. Zhang and Bruning (2011) argued that individuals with a high level of internal locus control believe they can make things happen for their business and take responsibility for their successes and failures knowing the outcome is based on their actions. Kets De Vries (1977) argues that the entrepreneur is anxious, non-conformist and has a self destructive behaviour. The non-conformist according to Kets De Vries (1977) is seen as a way of exercising power and control in a vicinity recognised as dangerous and uncontrollable. One of the key personalities attributes that make up the analytical framework is need for achievement developed by McClelland. McClelland argued that entrepreneurs possess and exhibit a high need for achievement. The achievement motive deals with the psychology of entrepreneurship. Victoria has invested the time and effort in her skills, abilities and personal attributes in order to set up her Public Relations (PR) business. This was done by her being in charge and delivering a PR campaign for the National Association for Colitis and Crohns Disease (NACC). Need for achievement is satisfied by an intrinsic sense of success rather than an extrinsic one. Sagie and Elizur (1999) suggests that in entrepreneurs, the need for achievement is manifested in behaviours such as carrying out different tasks the outcome of which is uncertain, the entrepreneurs willingness to take responsibility for the consequences of their action and inconsistent behaviour is highly unlikely to be exhibited by entrepreneurs. According to Sagie and Elzur (1999), the need for achievement and entrepreneurial orientation revealed entrepreneurs were prompt in their ability to find solutions to problems, undertake personal responsibility for the outcome of their work rather than a shared responsibility. This was the initial case with Victoria, in that she chose to take responsibility for all tasks yet as time went by, she has increasingly delegated and responsibility is shared. Also, Victoria noted her love of problem solving and this characteristic has been on display in her business with regards to providing solutions for clients and meeting their needs. The need for achievement is a personality characteristic yet Zhang and Bruning (2011) suggest it can be obtained through education in the case of an MBA programme. Johnson (1990) reveals that a positive relationship between the need for achievement and entrepreneurship. The entrepreneurs firm will be both proactive and competitive in nature, therefore entrepreneurs need for achievement will affect firms strategy directly and the firms performance indirectly. Victoria exhibited an intense need for achievement due to the people in her family. Both parents are highly successful in their chosen career fields and her younger brother is equally successful and smart. Yet there was a yearning in her to match her familys success. The longing for individual success is translated into a high need for achievement in her academic studies while she was at school, in the corporate world working for top firms and now in her business as an entrepreneur. Zhang and Bruning (2011) suggests that personal characteristics of an entrepreneur like need for achievement and internal locus of control influence the organisation owned and controlled by the entrepreneur in a positive manner. Yet Zhang and Bruning (2011) argue that when entrepreneurs have a high need for achievement, they tend to focus more on meeting the needs of their customers through creativity and innovation. Entrepreneurs with a high internal locus of control believe they can make things happen in their firm and success is dependent on their actions. Zhang and Bruning (2011) argue that firms have a market-oriented organisational culture whose entrepreneur has a high internal locus of control, will be more in tuned with their own innovation and creative ideas, more internally driven and less willing to seek directions for the firm with regards to the future from customers, competitors or other entities. Zhang and Bruning (2011) suggest that there is a positive correlation between internal locus of control and entrepreneurship behaviour. Using the entrepreneurship theory of Internal Locus of control, Victoria believes that whatever happens to her in life is dependent on her behaviour and controllable by her actions. She believes she is in charge of her destiny. She commented that if you are good and honest with your clients, then good business will follow. Korunka et al. (2003) argument is personality characteristics seen in entrepreneurs are high need for achievement, a high internal locus of control and a medium propensity for risk due to increased security motive and favourable personal resources. Kets De Vries (1977) argues that entrepreneurs are anxious individuals, who are non-conformist, poorly organised and not a stranger to self-destructive behaviour. The attribute of non-conformist can be applied to Victoria yet the characteristics of poor organisation or self-destructive behaviour cannot be applied to Victoria as she does not portray these personalities. Although Victoria reveals she has an inner direction with self-reliance, she does not neglect interpersonal relations with her family, work colleagues and clients. Overall, the dream to establish a private kingdom, a high need for achievement, internal locus of control and non-conformist behaviour all contribute towards the personality attributes of an entrepreneur. In conclusion, entrepreneurs need to possess a high need for achievement and a high internal locus of control.

Technologies Impact on the Legal Profession Essay -- Law Lawyer Techno

Technologies Impact on the Legal Profession Law is a profession that has been important to the culture of our world since its beginning. Societies across the globe are each governed by a unique fabric of ethics and laws. Therefore, each culture has its own system formed to enforce those designated codes and standards. As early as 1792 B.C., the Babylonians had a written code of law. Known as the Hammurabi, this set of articles was designed to set up an orderly society. [1]Our government is formed by the Constitution laid out by our fore fathers in the early eighteenth century. This document lays out the form of our three branched government system, consisting of the legislative, executive, and judiciary braches. The judiciary branch is shaped as a system of courts to judge citizens that have broken the rules that are set by the legislative branch. In the majority of these courtroom scenarios, lawyers are used to argue for both the defense and the prosecution. The law professional, because of this, is one profession that has re mained interminable throughout history. Although law has always been with us, it does adapt to the present culture, and its effectiveness is based on the technologies of the day and the ability to best utilized them and grow with them. The men that formed the government of the United States realized that they had to form a system that would not only provide fairness and legal equality for its citizens, but also be able to adjust to the changing culture to endure that it remains fair for all generations. They understood that as society evolved over time, there would need to be new laws created to govern new crimes. In the years that our country was founded, modern technologies did not exist. Therefor... ...m a computer. These forms of research are important for business cases and can even be useful in the identity theft crimes that have become so widespread. There will of course have to be standards set regarding what information is allowable in the courtroom, and how far a lawyer may go to get the research. Technology however has opened many windows of possibility that at one time were not available. The legal profession may have been a profession practiced and embossed on our culture by our forefathers, but with today’s use of technology, it has evolved in many ways. It now utilizes forms of scientific research and the latest forms of researching tools, to help keep a society in order and to give peace to every citizen. A lawyer’s job is an important one, and the technological progressions in our culture have done much to advance its strength and effectiveness.

Becker: “Outside” Essay

​a) According to Howard Becker, central fact about deviance is that â€Å"it is created by society. Becker does not mean that the causes of deviance can be derived from the social environment of the deviant or the â€Å"social factors† that causes an individual to engage in deviant behavior. Rather, Becker means that social groups create deviance by creating the rules or norms that must be adhered to and if they are violated—the violation will result in what the group deems as being deviance. Thus, the individuals who go against the norms or rules of a social group will be labeled as being an â€Å"outsider†. ​b) According to Becker, a deviant is an individual â€Å"to whom that label has successfully been applied†. He asserts that deviance is not a characteristic of the action a person commits; rather it is an outcome of the rules and sanctions used by others to an â€Å"outsider† or the reaction of others to an individual’s a ction. Deviant behavior is deviant when there is an audience that judges it as such. ​c) Becker states that â€Å"deviant† is not a homogenous category, because deviance in and of itself is a result of the reactions of others to an individual’s action. Therefore, while one social group may view a particular individual’s action as being deviant, another may not. Deviance is contextual; it depends on the audience that is judging the individual’s action. One cannot assume that every individual who has been deemed as being a â€Å"deviant† are the same, because the processing of labeling individuals is not reliable. There are individuals who have been labeled deviant who have not broken a rule, such as individuals who are considered deviant because of their race or religion. Also, one cannot assume that the group of deviants contains individuals who have actually broken a rule, since there are individuals who may have escaped scrutiny and therefore are not included in the category of deviants. ​d) Whether people respond to an act as being deviant depends on several factors, such as the type of act that is committed, the setting in which the action is taking place, and the person committing the act. Deviant acts that are considered not to be illegal or that does not harming other individuals, such as having tattoos, dressing eccentrically, are sometimes overlooked or deemed as being not so bad. Whereas, deviant acts that tend to feature criminal behavior is usually judged seriously by individuals who do not partake in such behavior, such as child abuse, domestic violence, murder, or rape. The setting in which the action is taking place plays a role in whether or not people will judge the  act as being deviant. For example, if a woman decides to go to attend a church service in a provocative style of clothing, then she will be judged by the other parishioners as being deviant, because that particular social group has guidelines as to how individuals must look and conduct themselves while being in that particular setting. However, if that same woman were to go to a risquà © club dressed in the same manner, she would not be seen as being a deviant, because that particular social group has its own guidelines as to how people look and conduct themselves. Lastly, the type of person committing the act plays a role in whether or not individuals will respond to that act as being deviant. For example, there can be two teenagers who decide to shoplift from a store. One of the teenagers comes from a middle-class family who lives in the suburbs, while the other teenager comes f rom a working-class family that does not live in such a nice neighborhood. Since there are some individuals who automatically associate the poor to working class with very negative stereotypes, it would not be unlikely that the teenager from the working class family would be judged more severely than the teenager who comes from a middle-class family. ​e) Hughes’ concept of the â€Å"master status† applies to deviance in the sense that, if an individual possesses a deviant trait, other individuals may assume that he/she possesses all of the negative traits that goes along with that one particular trait. Also, an individual having the status of being a deviant has the ability to override all of the other statuses that individual possesses. For example, a man may have the status of being a father, husband, and a social worker. However, if he becomes incarcerated due to a drug charge, his status as a convict will override all of his other statuses in the eyes of many people. Even after he is released from prison, he will be seen as an ex-co nvict first and foremost, and then as the other statuses that he possesses.

Opposition to the New Deal essays

Opposition to the New Deal essays Why was there opposition to the New Deal? In many ways the New Deal turned out to be a success. It clearly stopped the Depression from getting worse; gave hope and confidence to the American people at the worst tome in their history; and saved American democracy. But why did it face so much opposition and criticism. Firstly, many people believed that the New Deal went against the basic principles of the American constitution. Many people, including the Republicans, thought that the government should not interfere with the economy or help the poor, i.e. there should be policy of laissez faire. However, Roosevelt defied this by setting up social welfare systems and by setting up the National Industry Recovery Act. Later on, however, the Supreme Court decided that several of Roosevelts laws were unconstitutional and they were subsequently vetoed. Moreover, after Roosevelts victory in the 1936 election, Roosevelt grew so confident that he felt he could replace members of the Supreme Court with people chosen by himself. However, this did no go down well with the American public and as a result many people began to oppose Roosevelt and his policies. Secondly, the New Deal meant that the rich were taxed more in order to pay for the schemes to help the poor. Many business leaders also opposed Roosevelts support for trade unions and employee rights. Wealthy business organisations, such as the American Liberty League, opposed Roosevelt. As they did not like the way the New Deal interfered with business. Thirdly, more serious opposition came from radicals, such as Louisiana state senator Huey Long, who believed the government and the New Deal had not done enough to stop poverty and unemployment. Long called for taxation of the rich and the total confiscation of all fortunes over $5 million. His Share our Wealth scheme, Long claimed, would give each American family $6,000 to spend. T...

Drood Analysis essays

Drood Analysis essays While watching a performance of *BANG* The Mystery *BANG**BANG* of Edwin Drood *BANG* the work of the director was quite clear. I often have trouble trying to determine how much of an influence the director actually has on a production by observing acting choices and design choices. What made the directorial choices so clear was the unison of the production. All of the choices fit so well together that a well-informed audience member easily saw the directors work. One of the more interesting design choices that I noticed early on was the lack of sufficient masking. The black curtains hanging on each end of the stage barely hid the double doors to the well-lit stairwell from the audiences vision. Whenever any actor walked through the double doors, the audience was distracted for an instant and reminded that they were attending a show; a performance. This seemed to be a recurring theme throughout the night and seemed to be large part of the directors concept. The next scenic design choice that tied in well was the fact that the flats were all just a little to small in width. As an audience member, I was allowed to see the edges of scenery and into areas that should have been forbidden. Set pieces that werent in use were sometimes visible through the cracks as well as stagehands, and fire extinguishers; actors getting into place and waiting for their cues were often seen in the wings. These specifics also tied in well with the directors concept and interpretation. They really werent all that distracting and only reinforced the feeling of a live performance at a music hall. Along the same lines was the use of footlights. Of course, the script makes a direct reference to an actor not appearing up here under the footlights but such a line could be considered an expression like in the lime light. The poorly covered footlights often shined in the eyes...

Driving While Black Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Driving While Black - Essay Example Recent well-publicized miscarriages of justice have caused embarrassment to the police, government and judiciary, and increased public concern about the quality of police functions (Weitzer, 1999). Similar misgivings are also felt about the expense and operation of the civil law system. A federal lawsuit United States v. Weaver has given police more freedom for racial profiling. Although, it stipulates certain patterns and norms when "blackness" can be regarded as "a signal" for that could be legitimately relied upon in the decision to approach and ultimately detain the suspect" Kennedy, 1999). Taking into account facts presented by Weitzer (1999) and Harris (1987), it is possible to say that use of "Driving While Black" may be regarded as quite reasonable under certain circumstances. These researchers underline that the main crime patterns that are deemphasized include murders, sex offenders and gang activity. These crime patterns are influenced by behavior patterns of black offenders and could be reduced in all groups mentioned above. Also, police intervention activities are directed against gang activity and drug dealing as "driven forces" to criminal behavior typical for black population. To be effective police should employ different range of activities and cover different groups of potential offenders, and black people represents a big group of suspects. In any case, it is important to emphasize that "blackness" is not regarded as "a signal" of criminal behavior. Studies found that: "Residents of both the white and the black middle-class neighborhoods were less likely to perceive or experience police abuse in their... Taking into account facts presented by Weitzer (1999) and Harris (1987), it is possible to say that use of â€Å"Driving While Black† may be regarded as quite reasonable under certain circumstances. These researchers underline that the main crime patterns that are deemphasized include murders, sex offenders and gang activity. These crime patterns are influenced by behavior patterns of black offenders and could be reduced in all groups mentioned above. Also, police intervention activities are directed against gang activity and drug dealing as â€Å"driven forces† to criminal behavior typical for black population. To be effective police should employ different range of activities and cover different groups of potential offenders, and black people represents a big group of suspects. In any case, it is important to emphasize that â€Å"blackness† is not regarded as â€Å"a signal† of criminal behavior. Studies found that: â€Å"Residents of both the white and the black middle-class neighborhoods were less likely to perceive or experience police abuse in their neighborhoods than were residents of the black lower-class neighborhood† (Weitzer, 1999). These facts show that class location is more important for police then racial differences and it is impossible to say about â€Å"blackness† as the only cause for illegal stops. On the other hand, rights are particularly difficult to operationalize in legal politics if the object of these rights is to protect indigenous identity. Since rights language is usually attached to the idea that individuals should be protected.

JR Face to Face street art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

JR Face to Face street art - Essay Example JR Face to Face street art Starting his art career from the streets of Paris, the work of JR has often challenges the wide perceptions of images propagated by advertising channels and the media. He seeks to combine art and action dealing with commitment as well as identity and limits. He has been described differently by different people.   Fabrice Bousteau  introduces him as the figure already being regarded as Cartier-Bresson of the 21st century. He began his art career as a teenage graffiti artist who was pulled by the passion and interested in making a mark in the society rather than the interest of changing the world. His work then targeted conspicuous places like rooftops, subways, train and sidewalks and framed them so that they would not be confused with advertising. At the age of 17, he and his friends after finding a camera begun taking photographs and pated them on walls in a bid to send certain messages to the people. His biggest intention of doing art in a large scale was basically to influenc e people to change the world. The particularly aimed at changing the perceptions of the people and their thoughts in order to create a better society, which people are mindful of one another. Without any payment, JR and his friends started out in different cities around the world taking photographs and pasting them on building walls.In the period between 2004 and 2006, he created what is commonly referred to as the portrait of a generation, a project that included young people who were included in the housing program. In large format, he pasted these pictures in large format of walls of houses and commercial buildings in order to bring art closer to the people who do not visit the museums. Initially, it was deemed illegal, but was later legalized and when the City of Paris put his photos on buildings2. Project face to face was meant to bring the true identity of the true Israelis and Palestinians by putting photos of different people face to face. In eight cities of Palestine and Is rael, Marco and JR took the initiative of painting the pictures. While some of the people opposed the move especially the authorities, most of them were excited and supported their work. They volunteered to be photographed and allowed them to paste their pictures anywhere they wanted. In the project, they were constrained with resources. They had no money, and relied heavily on well-wishers3. They got two ladders, which were very old and rusty, a single camera and 20,000 feet of paper. The project however was a big success. They managed to photograph different kinds of people who did different kinds of work. From taxi drivers to cooks, carpenters and teachers, they sought to include all kinds of people in any profession. At one point they put two photographs of a Palestinian and an Israeli and asked people to tell the difference of who was who. By drawing reference to two photographs from the project, this paper will look at the face to face project, comparing them using their simil arities and differences and try to evaluate the impact they had on the people. More importantly however, it will seek to answer the question as to whether JR and his six friends succeeded in their mission. Were they successful in proving that what is perceived to be impossible could be possible? During the whole project, JR and his friends were dedicated to prove to the world that all people were similar regardless of

Sociology of Deviance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sociology of Deviance - Essay Example As such, being a victim of these petty and big crimes can be truly devastating and traumatizing as well. On the other hand, if one tries to set aside angry feelings and desires to get back at the enemy, then he may start to wonder how such a person can do harm to another. The first thing that may come to mind is that the perpetrator is simply a selfish person who will do anything to satisfy himself at the expense of the victim. For people who can go deeper than this thinking, they will start to reflect on the person and what factors could have made him do such a terrible thing. It is always possible that the person may have some form of psychological illness that he is unable to resolve and thus have resulted in a behavior void of any form of guilt or remorse. Aside from this, one may have the thinking that the perpetrator could have experienced some really painful events in his life to make him really angry at the world and does everything to destroy the same environment in order to get back at it. Whatever the reason is behind the deviance is a concept that is very interesting to explore. This time however, the focus will not be in sympathizing with the victim but in trying to get to know the aggressor more deeply and see what is behind the hostility that has driven him to become the person that he probably could not imagine to develop or become. This paper intends to present the hypothesis that deviance is a result of environmental factors that have a major influence in the formation of one’s attitude towards the society but the individual still has the power to imbibe this influence or not. Those who get involved in deviant behavior have done so because it was the society that has taught them to act in this manner in the first place. Each child is born in this world armed with his genetic structure. However, it is not only genetics that plays a major role in this phenomenon.

Social Networking on Relationships Essay Example for Free

Social Networking on Relationships Essay Social networking sites have a negative influence on children, teenagers and adults. â€Å"A social networking site can be defined as an online service that is based around the building and reflecting of social relations among individuals with common interests or social ties,† . Social networking sites such as Facebook, Skype, and Twitter all vary slightly. They can enable users to create a profile and them to interact through email, IM and other integrated communication channels within the site. The popularity and growth of social networking sites over the past five years has been enormous. Today, there are more than 1 billion active users on face book and users spend over 700 billion minutes per month on this social networking site. As the technology improves and advances, social networking sites have biggest impact on society and human relationships, both positive and negative. I’m going discuss the three main reasons why social networking sites bring many negative impacts pose on today’s media. One main reason social networking has an negative effect is because it ends relationships. One thing is for sure these sites are the breaking point of relationships in conversations amongst our friends and peers. Recent studies have shown that the use of social networks is a contributing factor to break ups of relationships and marriages. Studies show that the significant amount of time spent on these social networks engaged in contact with members of the opposite sex tends to create jealousy and a lack of trust which can lead to the relationship ending. â€Å"The internet makes it much easier to start a relationship, get caught and make a relationship come to an end. From what could be deemed inappropriate comments or postings, to friends of the opposite sex that stirs up feelings of jealousy and mistrust. Also, inboxes being â€Å"overly flirtatious†, lying and cheating. The second reason that social networking is bad for society is that it makes people lazy and overweight. About two decades ago, when people were bored, they would go outside and do something. Nowadays, many people just go on their phones and â€Å"tweet† about how bored they are or scroll through a friends new pictures and click the â€Å"like† button a few times. Sure, social networking might give you something â€Å"to do,† but really, you aren’t doing anything! People sit at computers and eat their self away. Children today don’t know how to communicate face to face with people. They would rather text or IM their friends than even think about having a verbal conversation with them. Children are going to school accessing the network over their phones instead of doing their work. For example, in my home town, a student saw that another student posted a status threatening to bomb the school. Everyone had to evacuate immediately. Another reason to be aware of is the illegal actions that can be performed, such as piracy, fraud, virtual shoplifting, cyber bullying, cyber stalking, sexual harassment, fake identities, or worse death. Can you imagine all of the kids approving a bunch of random people, they do not know being able to come in contact with them? Social Networks create an open access towards exposing individuals’ personal information. â€Å"This includes full name, date of birth, addresses, phone numbers, precise locations, emails, and more. † Exposed private information of adolescents causes them to be at risk with dangerous situations previous listed. Individuals attacked are highly exposed to having psychological problems, becoming afraid of outcomes, becoming depressed and using suicide as a method to stop attacks. Social networks have changed people by allowing them to befriend and contact more people more frequently and more efficiently. Unfortunately, they have also limited some face-to-face conversations with family and friends. Although social networking sites are efficient in providing ways to communicate, we need to limit our use of social networking sites in order to become stronger as individuals and to strengthen our relationships.

Tuesdays with Morrie Analysis

Tuesdays with Morrie Analysis In the Book Tuesdays with Morrie Mitch Albom asks the reader a continual question that reverberates throughout the book: a question that he wrestles back and forth with. His question is simple but deep and compelling; have you had someone close to you leave your life, not completely, but physically? Everything just seemed right when they were in your presence. The moments spent could only be described as what seemed so lovely and pure, the memories often pondered fondly. You keep yourself busy with many a task to dull the senses of what the mind plaques on your inner most being. The feelings of apathy and complacency are feelings that have not brushed across your mind until now, like an artist with a single stroke, a shiny gloss that hazed over your thoughts, now dry and crackling, chipping away and falling far from your mind as if they were never there. Realizing what you had is coming to terms with where you came from and where you are now. Morrie Schwartz was Mitch Albooms sociology professor at Brandeis University whom he has not spoken with in years, and when he discovers that his dear old professor has taken ill with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gherigs disease) while watching a Nightline interview that Morrie did with Ted Koppel he wastes no time in getting back in touch with him. From the onset Mitchs cognitions of what Morrie use to look like are dwarfed by the reality of just how deeply aging and terminal illness have affected his once jovial and lively professor. When he arrives at Morries home in Boston he sees a frail and aged man waiting outside in a wheel chair, a far cry from the dancing fool he remembers him to be. As his first visit is underway he realizes just how confined his old professors life has become, from not being able to leave his home to having a nurse at the house to aid him in tasks that a healthy individual does with ease, becomes a daily routine. After his first visit to Boston Mitch vows to keep coming back every Tuesday in keeping with the same schedule that they had while Mitch was a student of Morrries at Brandeis, because as Morrie says were Tuesday people Mitch. Tuesday after Tuesday Mitch returns to Morries house in West Newton to take in every bit of Morrie he can and extrapolate every ounce of knowledge and wisdom his aging professor can muster, and for sixteen Tuesdays they explored many of lifes central concerns family, marriage, aging, and happiness, to name a few. It becomes increasingly evident just how cruel and unrelenting a disease such as ALS can be, it takes from Morrie the one thing that allows him to exercise his right to free and reckless abandon, his dancing. The slow degenerative effects of this inexorable malady are played out in every stage of the book from the first time we see Mitch baring handfuls of Morries favorite foods to the following where he has trouble lifting his hands to his chin and his in house nurse has to spoon feed him. Morrie had expressed to Mr. Koppel in their first meeting that what he dreaded most about the disease was the likelihood that one day soon, somebody else would have to clean him after using the lavatory. It happened; his worst fear had come to fruition. Morries nurse now has to do it for him, and he realizes this to be the utter surrender to the disease. He is now more than ever entirely reliant on others for virtually all of his necessities. He articulates to Mitch that in spite of the troubles of his reliance on others, he is trying to revel in being an adolescent for a second time. Morrie reiterates that we ought to discard culture if it is not beneficial to our needs, and conveys to Mitch that we must to be loved such as we were when we were children, continuously being held and rocked by our mothers. Mitch sees that at 78 years age, Morrie is generous and giving as an adult while taking and receiving just as a child would. As Morries ailment worsens, so does his hibiscus in the window of his study. It acts as a representation of his life as a natural process of lifes cyclical process. He conveys a story Mitch and also to Mr. Koppel of a wave rolling into shore, signifying death. Morrie articulates his fear of it, but reassures Mitch with that he accepts it and will come back as something far greater. Morrie echoes an aphorism to Mitch When youre in bed, youre dead to signify his ultimate surrender and on Mitchs last visit to see him that is where he laid, like a child, small and frail. This notion of dependence (birth through childhood)-independence (teenage years through adulthood) dependence (late adulthood to death) seems to be the resounding tone throughout our textbook as well, where life is a set stage of transitions from birth-maturing-aging-and death. We care for people when they are young, nurture to foster mature and productive adults, and then again care for them when they cannot do so for themselves. I have and would recommend this book to anyone and everyone, not only for the way it touches me when I recollect upon it and makes me cry with tears of hope and gladness that such a person lived but also for the numerous and invaluable lessons it imparts upon its readers. Alblom has made me change the way I see the world, I see aging as a wonderful and beautiful part of life, not a process to detest but to relish in its loveliness and splendor. There is a beauty in aging that I had not recognized before this book, Morrie Schwartz breathes new life into the coming generations

Myth- Aliki, The Gods And Goddesses Of Olympics :: essays research papers

Myth- Aliki, The Gods and Goddesses of Olympics History 106-05 Nov. 27, 1996 Eng. 265-01 Oct. 1, 1996 Prof Janice Antczak Myth- Aliki , The Gods and Goddesses of Olympics , Harper Collins Publishers , 1994 . After reading The Gods and Goddesses of Olympus , my first reaction was that it was a wonderful and fascinating example of how Greek mythology explains the theories about life , death , and the wonders of nature . Although I enjoyed the book , I also wondered if it was a little too confusing to a young child , since many long Greek names were used and many characters interacting together became too complicated and involved. The story began with the creation of the earth , sky, all living things, and with the birth of the Gods and Goddesses that reigned on Mount Olympus . The author also took each of the twelve gods and goddesses and individually summarized their personality and duties and their purpose and connection to the world . The author who also illustrated the book , used brilliant and vibrant colors and also portrayed the personality visually by scenes and images that clearly showed the emotional side of the gods . This myth contained some violence , sinister and inappropriate behavior among the gods and cruel and even frightening illustrations that I thought might be too overwhelming for a young impressionable mind . An example of this would be when " Cronus married his sister Rhea , and they had many children . But Cronus was afraid that one of them might overthrow him just as he had overthrown his father . So as each child was born , he swallowed it ." Although Cronus eventually "throws up" the unharmed children in the end, I feel the initial reaction might be more lasting , as well as the fact that Cronus married his sister , which is an unacceptable taboo in society . There were other strong images conveyed , both verbally and visually dealing with death , jealousy , deceit , and deformities of man and beast . Although I enjoyed this book , I felt it should be read to an older audience that will not be negatively impressed by some parts of the story . Tall Tale : Kellog Steven , Sally Ann Thunder , Ann Whirlwind Crockett , Morrow Junior Books , 1995 In this tale , author Steven Kellog depicts the incredible story of a girl named Sally Ann Thunder Ann Whirlwind who has an amazing amount of strength, vitality and agility and who sets off for the frontier at age eight .

Evaluate the Usefulness of Primary Methodologies

Primary methodologies are ways we gather information when conducting social research. There are multiple types of useful methodologies in collecting qualitative data like interviews and a focus group as well as quantitative data like questionnaires, surveys and statistical research for examples. There are many advantages and disadvantages to all primary methodologies, including the information collected being more personally suited to the researcher while being more time consuming than some secondary research.One advantage of primary methodologies is the amount of information you can access from people. Some methodologies, like surveys, can generate qualitative data from a large number of participants easily. A survey, which is a ‘systematic snapshot used to infer for a larger whole’ , are easy to administer, are simply created, are cost effective and efficient in collecting information from a large number of respondents . Researchers can reach respondents, nationally an d globally, through many means like the Internet and can collect the data in convenience too .But surveys can become unreliable due to when a survey is poorly written (surveyor bias, poor choice of wording and questions), respondent bias, respondents not answering properly (lack of motivation, afraid of honesty) and a lack of response to the survey . Surveys are an example of a useful primary methodology in collecting qualitative data like statistics from a wide range of people, if written properly and easy to understand. Primary methodologies are useful in collecting personal data fitted to the social research being conducted.The researcher can choose appropriate methodologies which can best collect the qualitative and quantitative information required. An interview is far more personal than other primary methodologies, like a questionnaire, as the interviewer works directly with the respondent and creates questions based on the participants experience and can also ask follow-up qu estions, what you can’t achieve in surveys. Data collected from structured interviews can be qualitative and quantitative .Interviews however can be time consuming for both interviewer and respondent and although it is usually easy for the respondent, especially when asked for an opinion or impression, interviews can be hard to conduct for a researcher . Interviews are useful in creating personal information suited to the research and can have more detailed data than other methodologies. A focus group is an additional primary methodology which can give detailed information, which is another advantage. When people are gathered and asked and presented with specific questions and ideas to create discussion, comprehensive data can be retrieved and used in research.Group discussions can uncover and explain issues and reactions which may not have been expected or surfaced in a survey or questionnaire. Issues can be examined more in-depth than a general quantitative survey and, like an interview, can include follow-up questions to provide rich and insightful data and feedback . Focus groups on the other hand are also more time consuming than secondary research and can be costly (paying participants to cover travelling and time spent, catering costs, room hire, tape/recording equipment).Costs for focus groups for some companies in 2010 costed between $4000 and $6000, paying each participant an average of $500. Data from focus groups can’t essentially be used to make a generalisation for the population, due to small numbers being assessed. A focus group of a few hundred people is needed for reliable results, which is cost prohibitive. Skilled moderators can be in addition hard to find . Focus groups while effective in providing detailed information like from interviews has its flaws like all methodologies, even though they are very useful in marketing for example.Primary methodologies are useful in social research but they all have their disadvantages. Me thods like passive or active participant observation have their benefits like being immersed in the research topic but people knowing that they are being observed often change their behaviour to be seen in a more positive light . By taking measures in eliminating bias and receiving accurate and reliable results primary methodologies are are effective tools in research along with secondary research.

Climate Change Is Capitalism The Problem or the Solution

Climate Change Is Capitalism The Problem or the Solution Overview The global climatic outlook is an area of concern for many. Climate is perhaps one of the biggest challenges facing humanity today. Its effects are segregate. The poor and the average earners compared to high income earners feel the effects of climate change more. The impact of climatic change has exposed millions of people to poverty and hunger, especially those who rely on agriculture (Adger Kelly 2000, p. 348).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Climate Change: Is Capitalism The Problem or the Solution? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Economies of many developing countries across the world depend on agriculture. It is the mainstay for the poorest rural households as well as to the economic giants (Abramovitz 2001, p. 12). Failures in crop production, deaths in livestock as result of drought are causing enormous economic losses among farmers. In effect, this has been marked by escalation in food prices and hence deterioration in food security. At the same time, the countries with big industrial muscles have been aggravating the situation. This is seen in the way they wantonly emit greenhouse gases to the environment, which in turn affects the climate. This has raised concern in the global climate governance. Nations with little industrial muscles are feeling the effects, which does not come from their doing. At the same time, efforts to mitigate the situations points toward financial muscles. This means that capitalism, which is the ability to produce wealth lies in the solution and also the causes of the current global climatic governance. This paper assesses if capitalisms is the solution or the problem to the current global climatic governance. Capitalism and the Environment Damage Capitalism is a viewpoint of an economic system that favors or promotes private ownership of wealth creation factors. It favors individuals, corporations, competitive market, wage labor, capital accumula tion, and personal finances and profits. This means that capitalism is not popular to the majority but rather to the few. The proponents drumming for capitalistic market argue that any business establishment is mandated to making profits for the organization and that such profit ought to be utilized for the good of the business organization and the nation’s economy. However, do the economy and the people benefit? Capitalism promotes individualism and selfishness. The few in the upper echelon befits whereas the mass in the public suffers. The proponents of capitalistic economy are after personal gains and have propagated the same in the issues of climatic change. Since the efforts of capitalistic economy are to create wealth, the same has been done at the expense of climatic change. In the course of creating wealth, industries emit harmful products to the environment, which later affects the mass (Langford 1995, pp. 145).Advertising Looking for essay on rhetoric? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Climate-Crisis Capitalism The quest for wealth creation as a result of capitalism has led to a condition termed climate-crisis capitalism. The term connotes the situation in which the worldwide environmental managerial elites utilize environment-threatening methods to create wealth for themselves. The wealth created in this case is short term but the environmental damage incurred by the activities is long term. The condition is termed climate-crisis capitalism because wealth created are for the rich few yet the environmental damage realized affects the entire globe. Wealth creation methods being experienced in the world are accomplished via industrial activities. Industries are considered as the muscles for economic empowerment. The United Kingdom, the United States of America, Japan, Germany, China, and Canada among many are among the leading industrialized nations in the world. Industrial activit ies from these countries results into emission of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, which is major source of green gas (Bond 2003, p. 16). Green gas has drastic effects as discussed below. Global Warming Issues and Effects Since the beginning of 20th century, the temperature of the earth has been rising. The increase has been averaged at 0.8 ââ€" ¦C with the major part of the increase taking place from the beginning of 1980 (The National Academic Press 2011, p. 16). The averaged increase in temperatures of the earth constitutes global warming. Because of the fact that major increase in the earth’s temperature has taken place recently, it means that the condition is worsening with the current generation than in the past. This implies that there must be some activities that have heightened the menace. Science has given global warming a detailed description of its causes and impacts. Scientifically, the heating or warming of earth results from blanketing effects of greenhouse g ases. Greenhouse gases are CO2 (carbon dioxide), CH4 (methane), oxides of nitrogen gas among others. These greenhouse gases forms a covering on the upper part of the earth’s atmosphere that traps the sun’s rays in the earth (World Almanac Books 2000, p. 3). Because of the covering or the blanketing effect of greenhouse gases, the earth warms up gradually. Global warming affects the environment and all living beings. As the earth warms up, temperature in the atmosphere increases. The increased temperatures make some ice on snow-capped mountains to melt. The melted ice forms water that flows to fill up oceans and lowlands. This means that the continued global warming will lead to flooding, which in turn has a devastating effect on plants, human beings, and animals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Climate Change: Is Capitalism The Problem or the Solution? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, glob al warming affects temperatures of ocean waters that in turns affect the life of sea creatures. For instance, rising temperature of earth warms seawaters that affect the growth of algae, an important producer in aquatic food chain. Because algae are primary producers, their death will lead to death of other aquatic creatures because of lack of food. This will happen when algae die; small fishes will lack food and die as they depend on algae for food. The death of small fish will lead to the death of larger animals, which depends on them for food. The process will in turn affect human being as they will lack what to eat. Global warming is also linked to acid rain experienced in many places. When it rains, the rainwater dissolves some of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which in turn falls as acid rain. Acid rain is harmful to plants and properties. Global warming is also linked with common human catastrophes such as forest fires. The warm climate dries up small plants and leav es of large trees in the forests, which easily catch fire (The National Academic Press 2011, p. 5). This means that the world is at threats as a result of environmental damage caused by global Warming. The effect is widespread and affects everyone yet it is the few that are causing the same (Bojà ¶, Green, Kishore, Pilapitiya Reddy 2004, p.10). Global Climatic Governance Global climatic governance entails policy measures and diplomatic mechanism directed toward guiding social systems or setup toward adaptation or preventions of climatic risks resulting from manmade activities. Since 1980s, climatic concerns resulting from manmade activities have been on the rise. The concern was triggered by the world climatic conference held in 1979 by the World Meteorological Organization. Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic Change (IPCC) was established in 1988 and it consisted of environmental specialists and diplomats from different nations. During the world climatic conference of 1990, IPCC released a report stating that the world has been warming for some time and the future warming is likely. As a result, the world was jerked to the reality of environmental dangers resulting from manmade activities including industrialization. In 1992, officials from 154 nations converged at a conference in Rio and deliberated over climatic changes, which culminated into signing a pact by the same. In 1997, Kyoto protocol was agreed on. The protocol brought together 38 countries that were highly industrialized and required each nation to reduce it’s greenhouse gas emission by at least 5.2% by 2008. The global reporting initiative was also launched at the same time and was mandated with responsibilities of disclosing Greenhouse gas emission. However, the United States of America withdrew from the protocol in 2001. Despite the withdrawal of the U.S., other nations went ahead to implement the protocol, which was later declared unbinding to the member countries in 2011 (Bernstein, Betsill, Hoffmann Paterson 2010, p. 163).Advertising Looking for essay on rhetoric? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From the information on the timeline development of the global climate governance, it indicates that capitalistic nations including the 38 countries that signed the Kyoto protocols are aware of the dangers posed to the environment by their capitalistic activities. They have gone ahead to form a coalition to fight the global climatic dangers. However, there has not been some commitment on their part. The United States, which is among the leading in industrial emission pulled out of the protocol. At the same time, the member nations of the Kyoto protocol decide to dilute the protocol by declaring the pact as non-binding. This indicates the inability of these nations to adhere to climate preservation. Globally, there is no serious climatic governance but instead, there are some claims against global warming concept. Despite the warning reports by the by the IPCC on the seriousness of greenhouse gases, the Kyoto protocol was declared unbinding. Capitalism as a Problem to Global Climate Change Capitalism is attributed to the problems of climatic change. In fact, without capitalism, there will be little or no climatic change. In the first place, capitalism aims at utilization of available resources for creation of wealth for those involved in the same. As a result, capitalistic nations’ main focus is to use the available resources with the purpose of creating wealth. This has been evident in many aspects. For instance, china has been focusing its economic growth in textile sector. It has invested in all major cities and even minor cities like Tibet, Mongolia, and Xinjiang, which has been attracting more investment hopefuls. The country depends so much on fossil fuel and the trend has been heightened since 2007, an action that has increased its carbon footprint (Martin Morrison, 2008, p. 5). From the analysis of the industry, the majority are in hands of private investors meaning that the wealth is concentrated in the hands of the few yet the environmental da mage is widespread to all. In England, the situation has been the same. The country is highly industrialized and has concentrated its wealth in the hands of the few capitalist. The situation had reached its heights in 2011 angering the Britons. Cameron, though belonging to the capitalistic party, agreed to the evils and damages capitalism has plunged Britain into by coining a slogan ‘let capitalism RIP’ implying that capitalism should die, in his speech on January 19 2012. Capitalism is also a problem to global climatic change as a result of its policy of profit making. The chief principle of capitalism is to make maximum use of available resources to make maximum profits. This means that the proponents in this industry would wish to see more pennies trickling in rather than being spend. In this case, no money is spent for environmental conservation because doing so would mean reducing profits. At the same time, some simple and shortcut methods of production are employe d for the sake of maximizing profits. Capitalism in the United Kingdom is deeply immersed into profit maximization to the point that even the factors of production are hardly provided in the required quality and quantity. In the wake of David Cameroon’s famous 19th January speech titled let capitalism RIP, industrial workers in the UK had gone on strike in protest of the evils of the capitalistic employees. The employees were only after profits to the point of giving their workers some meager salary. In acting in such manner, it shows that such capitalist may not be willing to spend their money on expensive process of environmental conservation. At the same time, environmental conservation means cutting on the energy expenditure polluting the environment. However, cutting on energy expenditure in some cases may result in reduction in production capacity or low prestige, which is not acceptable in capitalism. Capitalism as a Solution to Global Climate Change Although capitalis m is seen as the problem for climatic change, it is also the solution to the same. A capitalistic regime is a wealth creating regime, which every country is aiming to be. Wealth created is essential for the mitigating climatic change. According Dolsak (2001, p. 419), mitigating climatic conditions is very expensive. Using the top down micro economic approach, the cost of stabilizing carbon dioxide emission of the levels experienced in 1990 would lead to a reduction of 0.5 to 0.6 percent in GDP. This means that attempts to mitigate climatic change needs immense wealth. Given that capitalism entails wealth creation, such regime will be the one who can help in mitigating climate as a result of their financial muscles. In capitalistic regime, the rich are in control of the law. These means that they are in a good position to create laws for mitigating climatic change and at the same time install legal institution in place to ensure that all adheres to the laws. Several laws were drafted in the Kyoto protocol. On top of that, other countries led by the UK have been implementing laws and penalties to mitigate the effects of climatic change. The green tax in the United Kingdom has been implemented to mitigate the effect of climatic change (Policy Network 2009, p. 14). The capitalist nations also hold the key to building a long-lasting consensus for a future with low carbon emission. This is was also part of the global deal in Copenhagen. Through such deals, cash and technology can be transferred to developing economies to aid in mitigating climatic change. At the same time, non-governmental organizations may be included in the long-lasting consensus for a future with low carbon emission deals. Such organizations are backed by capitalist personalities or nations and thus they have the financial muscles to assist in mitigating climatic changes (Duwe 2001, p. 178). Conclusion: Is Capitalism The Problem Or The Solution? From the analysis seen above, capitalism is the mai n cause of environmental pollution. Capitalistic regime focuses on accumulation of profits using available wealth. In their quest for the same, they leave behind environmental damage that affects the whole society. At the same time, capitalistic regimes are better placed to handle the rigors of global climatic governance. They hold the key for the enactment of laws in the same and at the same time have the financial muscles to implement modalities for mitigating climatic change. The world cannot progress without industrialization, which is mainly propagated by capitalist. This means that we cannot do away with capitalist for the reason that they are agents of environmental damage instead there should be a consensus on global climatic governance. The world should borrow a leaf from David Cameron. While tackling the challenges of capitalism, the prime minister did not propose a completely non-capitalistic economy but rather suggested a balance on the same using popular capitalism (Wat t 2012, p. 4). In popular capitalism, everyone should have a fare share in mitigating climate change. Therefore, capitalism is both the problem and also the solution of climatic change. List of References Abramovitz, J 2001, Unnatural disasters world watch paper158, Worldwatch Institute Publishers, Washington. Adger, N Kelly, P 2000, Theory and practice in assessing vulnerability to climate change and facilitating adaptation, Climate Change, vol. 47,no. 4, pp.325-352. 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